Science Fiction and the Drake Equation

I start­ed think­ing about one of the clas­sic authors of sci­ence fic­tion, and the set­ting he cre­at­ed for some of his sto­ries.  I often won­dered what the impli­ca­tions for the Drake equa­tion would be in that par­tic­u­lar set­ting. I’ve tak­en a sub­set of the sto­ries for this set­ting, since not all of the sto­ry set­tings are self-con­sis­tent.  Let me review the three con­di­tions from four books:

1. 1. Human­i­ty dis­cov­ers that there are ancient alien civ­i­liza­tions on both Mars and Venus.
   2. Life is found on Ganymede.
   3. The first two inter­stel­lar loca­tions vis­it­ed by human­i­ty have life, and one of them has an alien civilization.

This is a sig­nif­i­cant dif­fer­ence from our recent dis­cus­sions about the Drake equa­tion applied to the uni­verse as we know it.

Lets first look at the prob­a­bil­i­ty of life.

In the sto­ries, there is no indi­ca­tion of there being life on the Moon oth­er than the life in the domed colonies that human­i­ty put there. There is also no indi­ca­tion of life on any oth­er of Jupiter’s moons, nor any of Saturn’s.

Assum­ing we only count Io, Europa, and Cal­is­to from Jupiter, and Titan from Sat­urn, we have a total of 4 bod­ies with life and 5 bod­ies with­out. This gives a chance of a plan­et hav­ing life at 44.4%.

Next, we look at the prob­a­bil­i­ty of plan­ets hav­ing life also hav­ing intel­li­gent life.

With Venus, Earth, and Mars all hav­ing intel­li­gent life, it fol­lows that 0.75 of all life bear­ing plan­ets have life evolv­ing to intel­li­gence. If we include the oth­er two plan­ets from out­side the solar sys­tem, we find four out of five plan­ets, or 80%.

Extend­ing this to the galaxy, we move on to attempt find­ing the num­ber of civ­i­liza­tions that are present.

The ini­tial val­ue for the prob­a­bil­i­ty of a star hav­ing plan­ets at rough­ly the time these sto­ries was writ­ten is about 0.1; how­ev­er, we have the fact that at least two stars have plan­ets besides the Sun.  This can be except­ed as true since we don’t have enough evi­dence to set it at any oth­er val­ue. (Note: the author’s lat­er work intro­duced a mul­ti­tude of worlds but the all sup­port­ed life, but this real­ly did­n’t talk about all stars or all worlds with­in the solar systems).

The num­ber of plan­ets with­in such a sys­tem is an aver­age of nine, one, and one (I don’t recall see­ing addi­tion­al plan­ets men­tioned in these sys­tems).  We’ll set that aver­age to be 4.

The frac­tion­al num­ber of worlds hav­ing life is 0.44, and the frac­tion hav­ing intel­li­gent life is 0.8.

The frac­tion of those civ­i­liza­tions hav­ing the abil­i­ty for inter­stel­lar com­mu­ni­ca­tions will be assumed to be 0.5, only Earth and Mars.

This give  f*(0.1)*(4)*(0.44)*(0.8)*(0.5)*L, where f is the stel­lar for­ma­tion rate and L is the life­time of the tech­no­log­i­cal civ­i­liza­tion.  Thus the num­ber of civ­i­liza­tions in the galaxy is f*L*(0.07). Giv­en that the stars form approx­i­mate­ly 1 per year, and that we take the life­time of a civ­i­liza­tion to be a mil­lion years (using the fact that Mars was on the verge of col­lapse after a mil­lion years), we can now esti­mate that in this author’s milky way galaxy would con­tain 70 thou­sand civilizations.

For details of this cal­cu­la­tion see my arti­cle on the Drake Equation:

Mind you, it’s been a while since I read the four books men­tioned above.  For those want­i­ng to look for them­selves for some­thing I have missed, they are: Between Plan­ets, Farmer in the Sky, Uni­verse/­Com­mon-Sense, and Methuse­lah’s Chil­dren by  Robert A. Hein­lein.  Anoth­er Nov­el of his, that is in one way con­tra­dic­to­ry to the oth­ers, seems to nail the idea of the galaxy hav­ing thou­sands of civ­i­liza­tions: Have Space­suit Will Travel.

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

In the days of grant dri­ven sci­ence, it is nice to see the lone inde­pen­dent researcher still mak­ing a con­tri­bu­tion. Imag­ine tak­ing this far into the future while check­ing out this arti­cle from the Lunar and Plan­e­tary Institute.

Cit­i­zen Sci­ence in Plan­e­tary Explo­ration: Part 1 — LPIB

Note from the Edi­tors: In this two-part series we explore the role that cit­i­zen sci­en­tists (or ama­teur astronomers) play in sup­port­ing plan­e­tary explo­ration in the U.S. and inter­na­tion­al­ly. In Part 1, Drs. Nick Lang and Michael Kel­ley explore the active pro­grams that NASA uses to engage direct­ly wit…

This week’s short fic­tion is the vignette Rejection.

Rejec­tion

By Torn MacAlester Pho­to by Life Of Pix from Pex­els “Deputy Miller, a seri­ous sit­u­a­tion has risen.” Alex said, clean­ing a lunar beer mug as he spoke. “Like what?” Miller answered, clear­ly dis­in­ter­est­ed in the Con­rad Sta­tion barkeep’s cur­rent cri­sis.  She checked her watch. Miller knew Nils Carmike’s sched­ule like the back of her hand. He would soon […]

This activ­i­ty may sug­gest mod­i­fi­ca­tion of terms in the Drake Equation:

New­ly dis­cov­ered elec­tri­cal activ­i­ty with­in cells could change the way researchers think about bio­log­i­cal chemistry

The human body relies heav­i­ly on elec­tri­cal charges. Light­ning-like puls­es of ener­gy fly through the brain and nerves and most bio­log­i­cal process­es depend on elec­tri­cal ions trav­el­ing across the mem­branes of each cell in our body.

A large hunk of the aster­oid that is respon­si­ble for the biggest crater in the solar sys­tem remains imbed­ded in the man­tle of the Moon.

Mass anom­aly detect­ed under the moon’s largest crater

A mys­te­ri­ous large mass of mate­r­i­al has been dis­cov­ered beneath the largest crater in our solar system—the Moon’s South Pole-Aitken basin—and may con­tain met­al from the aster­oid that crashed into the Moon and formed the crater, accord­ing to a Bay­lor Uni­ver­si­ty study.

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

In the days of grant dri­ven sci­ence, it is nice to see the lone inde­pen­dent researcher still mak­ing a con­tri­bu­tion. Imag­ine tak­ing this far into the future while check­ing out this arti­cle from the Lunar and Plan­e­tary Institute.

Cit­i­zen Sci­ence in Plan­e­tary Explo­ration: Part 1 — LPIB

Note from the Edi­tors: In this two-part series we explore the role that cit­i­zen sci­en­tists (or ama­teur astronomers) play in sup­port­ing plan­e­tary explo­ration in the U.S. and inter­na­tion­al­ly. In Part 1, Drs. Nick Lang and Michael Kel­ley explore the active pro­grams that NASA uses to engage direct­ly wit…

This week’s short fic­tion is the short sto­ry Mor­gan’s Road:

Mor­gan’s Road a short sto­ry by Torn MacAlester

Morgan’s Road, a short sto­ry by Torn MacAlester Graph­ic by Shan­nan Albright Mak­ing a liv­ing on the Moon is not for every­one, but Nel­son Carmike actu­al­ly pre­ferred the air­less basalt plains over Earth’s windy prairies. Unfor­tu­nate­ly, three years of Moon prospect­ing left him pen­ni­less, and with­out funds for sup­plies he was doomed to face a […]

Fabulae Lunae:

1. Thunder Moon Tussle

Avail­able now at Amazon.com: Thun­der Moon Tus­sle (kin­dle edition)

Nils Carmike, a fall­en from grace astro­naut turned smug­gler, forges a new life on the lunar fron­tier. Harassed by the strik­ing­ly beau­ti­ful and demand­ing Deputy Miller, he is faced with fines and con­flict, result­ing in a tumul­tuous rela­tion­ship and ulti­ma­tum he can’t refuse. Run­ning for their life they strug­gle against their pasts, hop­ing to out­smart the com­mon face­less ene­my and forced to focus on the only rule that mat­ters: survive!

2. Mask of the Joyful Moon

Com­ing soon.

Gen (Deputy Miller) and Nils Carmike set off on a new adven­ture the after­math of their trip to the Lunar north. She strug­gles with mem­o­ries from the dif­fi­cult com­pro­mis­es  that lead her to the Moon and a clue that con­nects their sur­vival to the ancient past.  The face­less ene­my that has left two dead already casts a dead­ly shad­ow across Moon leav­ing them strug­gling to uncov­er the truth in time to save the lives around them.

2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke

Destination—Death by Wilber S. Peacock

The New Fron­tiers Series, Book One: The Ship by Jack L. Knapp

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

This week, I offer the vignette Clash of Titans

Recent stud­ies have implied that our uni­verse is devoid of Type II and Type III civ­i­liza­tions. In this video, Anton presents at the sci­ence that lim­its the exis­tence of these civilizations.

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

This week, I offer the vignette Y+1

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

This week I present the events in the vignette: The Moun­tain.

Science

Sup­pose that the Earth was tidal­ly locked to the Sun. On the day side, the tem­per­a­ture races up and evap­o­rates water. It becomes a hell that would be intol­er­a­ble to life.  On the night side, the oppo­site hap­pens.  The frozen dark­ness would also be intol­er­a­ble.  So what hap­pens at the day/night terminator?

Here is an arti­cle  from phys.org about tidal­ly locked exo­plan­ets and how some might have these rings of habitability.

Ter­mi­na­tor zones for ET life

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

This week, I offer the vignette Stranger.

Dark mat­ter and dark ener­gy have been two fun­da­men­tal prob­lems in cur­rent physics.

Dark mat­ter is the unseen mat­ter that makes galax­ies spin like DVDs rather than like whirl pools.  The dark mat­ter has to be there to make the vis­i­ble mat­ter (stars and neb­u­la) move the way they do.

Dark ener­gy is respon­si­ble for explain­ing the mea­sure­ments of the uni­verse’s expan­sion. If the uni­verse motion was dri­ven by grav­i­ty only, then all of the objects in the uni­verse should be slow­ing down with time. The mea­sure­ment indi­cates that the galax­ies are speed­ing up as they move away from each oth­er. Dark ener­gy is pos­tu­lat­ed as the unknow ener­gy source that explains the mea­sure­ments of the uni­verse’s expansion.

Now, Evi­dence sug­gests that black holes may be respon­si­ble for this dark ener­gy.  If true, this will account for 70% of the ener­gy bal­ance of the uni­verse that is cur­rent­ly unknown.

First Evi­dence of Black Holes as the Source of Dark Energy

I give a spe­cial thanks to Luna Lunar­ia for mak­ing me aware of this article.

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

This week, I offer the vignette Fif­teen Percent!

Twelve years ago, a major sci­en­tif­ic break­through was made by the cre­at­ing the first arti­fi­cial life.

Syn­thia Article

Here is a video by Anton updat­ing the results of the major study: Arti­fi­cial Life Synthia.

Even though this research is in its infan­cy, the very pos­si­bil­i­ty opens up lots of sci­ence fic­tion pos­si­bil­i­ties.  Giv­en that a human body is already a host to a mul­ti­tude of sym­bi­ot­ic bac­te­ria, imag­ine if addi­tion­al bac­te­ria could be pro­grammed for enhanced ben­e­fits for our bodies.