A Paradox: A Description of the Fermi Paradox by Torn MacAlester

Short science fiction by Torn MacAlester

The Soldier: A Vignette by Torn MacAlester

The Sol­dier

Y+0

Granger real­ized that the whirl­wind month had end­ed as he head­ed to the Grey­hound bus, hop­ing to see if he could get a trip. Accord­ing to the sergeant in the dis­charge bar­racks, his chances of get­ting a home trip to Wyoming were next to noth­ing. He had the Army trav­el vouch­er and four hun­dred bucks in cash–enough to last maybe two weeks, if his luck held.

In the hazy twi­light, he made note of the lim­ou­sine pulled up along the curb. Two men were shout­ing at each oth­er along its far side. Granger noticed that the larg­er man had some­thing clinched in his fist, threat­en­ing the small­er man. Granger crossed the street quick­ly and dropped his duf­fle-bag on the ground behind the larg­er man. The man turned, hold­ing an eigh­teen-inch sec­tion of two-inch pipe.

“What do you want?” The large man said in a heavy Texas accent. “Mis­ter fan­cy pants was about to give me a ride.”

“I don’t think he was about to do any such thing,” Granger said.

“Please, I was telling the gen­tle­man that my dri­ver will be just–” start­ed the small­er man, in an almost con­de­scend­ing tone.

“Shut your fast-talk­ing mouth,” the larg­er man said, rais­ing the pipe.

“I’ll give you a count of one to drop that pipe,” said Granger, smelling the whisky on the oth­er man’s breath.

The large man con­tin­ued to raise the pipe and stepped toward Granger. Tak­ing a small step for­ward, Granger rolled the man over his shoul­der eas­i­ly and twist­ed his arm, forc­ing the pipe from his grip and drop­ping the large man to the ground.

“Once more chance, Cow­boy,” Granger said. “Take off and pick on some­one else.”

The man spat and reached for the pipe. Granger put his foot on his hand, grind­ing it against the concrete.

“Leave it,” said Granger.

The man stood and then stum­bled off, obvi­ous­ly drunk.

“That was quite impres­sive,” said the short­er man.

“There was noth­ing to it,” said Granger. “I hope your dri­ver will be along in a minute and you can get out of here.”

“You see, that is the trouble.”

“You don’t have a driver.”

“No, not as of an hour ago,” said the man.

“I take it that Cow­boy there wasn’t apply­ing for the job.”

“No, that was an unfor­tu­nate misunderstanding.”

“I can dri­ve it,” said Granger. “But I don’t have a limo license.”

“I’ll take you up on that if I can­not find one at the bus station.”

“Suit your­self.”

Granger picked up the duf­fle bag and the pipe. He tossed the pipe into a garbage bin.

“Can I get your name?” asked the man.

“Granger. Excuse me–Army the past cou­ple of years–Stanley Granger.”

“Mor­ris Mason. Good to meet you–what rank did you say.”

“No rank now, it seems. Yel­low­stone fin­ished that off.”

“Of course, Mis­ter Granger.”

“If I can help you find that dri­ver now, I’m also try­ing to see if there is any way to get to Wyoming.”

“If you need to get to Wyoming, I’ll see that you get there.

“Thank you, sir, but–”

“Non­sense, you’ve already put your­self in my debt. It’s the least I can do,” said Morris.

“Deal­ing with Cow­boy was not any trou­ble. It looked like you need­ed the help.”

“I insist. Let’s go in and see about a dri­ver, Mis­ter Granger.”

 

***

 

The clerk looked bored and didn’t seem to notice them walk up. “Busses are now once a week on Friday–the only des­ti­na­tions are Dal­las and Hous­ton,” the woman mut­tered, not even look­ing up.

“I am look­ing for a dri­ver,” Mor­ris said as Granger looked on.

“You’re look­ing at her, but the bus won’t be here until Fri­day morning.”

“I actu­al­ly need the ser­vices of a dri­ver,” con­tin­ued Mor­ris. “Would you be will­ing to dri­ve us to Dallas?”

“Not unless you got a thou­sand bucks.”

“Now there is a deal,” Mor­ris said. “Miss?”

“It’s just Sue,” she said.

“That seems steep,” said Granger.

“It doesn’t seem like you’re pay­ing. Does it?” said Sue.

“Quite per­cep­tive, Sue.” Mor­ris said.

“I was seri­ous, though,” she said.

“I didn’t think you were jok­ing,” said Mor­ris. “In fact, if you are ready to go in five min­utes, I can raise it to three thousand.”

“Okay, what am I dri­ving?” asked Sue, look­ing at Granger.

“The limo out­side,” said Granger.

“Okay,” she said. “What are your names?”

“I’m Stan­ley. This is Morris.”

“Mor­ris, the mon­ey­bags,” she said.

“Mason,” said Morris.

“Like Mason Oil?” she asked.

“None oth­er,” said Morris.

“Real­ly,” said Granger.

“Who did you think?” Mor­ris asked.

“I real­ly nev­er con­sid­ered it,” Granger answered.

“Well, now that we are all equal­ly shocked now after an apoc­a­lypse, can we get going? I’d like to earn the three grand,” said Sue.

 

Sins of the Son: A Vignette by Torn MacAlester

Short science fiction by Torn MacAlester

Chat on Discord: WED JUL 5th, 9PM EDT

Decisions: A Vignette by Torn MacAlester

Deci­sions

Y+13

Nils heard Katie enter the room as he fin­ished typ­ing the let­ter and sent it to the print­er. He’d been using the back bed­room as an office ever since they had moved to Hous­ton. He’d set up a com­mu­ni­ca­tions cen­ter in the room so that Katie could keep in com­mu­ni­ca­tion with him when­ev­er he spent some time in space. At one time, he thought it would not have been nec­es­sary. It turned out it became unnec­es­sary, but for a com­plete­ly dif­fer­ent rea­son than he imagined.

“What are you doing?” asked Katie with her heavy Texas drawl.

“I’m writ­ing my res­ig­na­tion,” answered Nils.

“Okay. Why?”

“Because it looks like they have no inten­tion of send­ing me to the Moon again.”

“And that’s bad because?”

“With­out going to the Moon, there is no point in being an astronaut.”

“That’s sil­ly,” she said. “There are oth­er destinations.”

“Not for me.”

“Alrighty, I’ll call Mom. We can move back to Dal­las after you resign.”

“What?” he asked, dumbfounded.

“Don’t expect me to live down here near the hur­ri­canes if you aren’t plan­ning to be an astro­naut anymore.”

“There haven’t been only three per year since Yel­low­stone. None of them have had land­fall with­in two hun­dred miles of here.”

“Good,” Katie said. “Now we won’t have to wor­ry any­more. And I can see Mom more than once per month.”

“Fine. We’ll move to Dallas—for now.”

“Great. I’ll tell Mom.”

“I need to get over there and give them my res­ig­na­tion, back by six.”

 

******

 

“I thought you said you’d be home by six,” she said. “Din­ner is a mess.”

“You didn’t get my text?” Nils asked.

“What text?”

“The one I sent you about five.”

“Oh, the one that said, ‘Milt and I are talk­ing, be home lat­er’”, she said. “Is that it?”

“Yup.”

“When you said lat­er, I didn’t think you’d mean past eight.”

“What’s going on?” said Nils. “I don’t understand,”

“I want­ed to cel­e­brate you not hav­ing to risk your life all the time in space. It was your pas­sion, but it made me a wreck.”

“Oh.”

“Now that you won’t be doing it any­more, I thought we’d have a nor­mal life.”

“You’re not under­stand­ing my inten­tions, Katie. I’m leav­ing the Space Agency, but I’m plan­ning to go to the Moon anoth­er way.”

See­ing the tears in her eyes, he real­ized he had destroyed her hopes by restor­ing his own. She would nev­er join him in space, like he had imagined.

Torn’s Science, Technology, & Science Fiction 1–7 May 2023

Short science fiction by Torn MacAlester

Featured

Science Fiction and the Drake Equation

I start­ed think­ing about one of the clas­sic authors of sci­ence fic­tion, and the set­ting he cre­at­ed for some of his sto­ries.  I often won­dered what the impli­ca­tions for the Drake equa­tion would be in that par­tic­u­lar set­ting. I’ve tak­en a sub­set of the sto­ries for this set­ting, since not all of the sto­ry set­tings are self-con­sis­tent.  Let me review the three con­di­tions from four books:

    1. Human­i­ty dis­cov­ers that there are ancient alien civ­i­liza­tions on both Mars and Venus.
    2. Life is found on Ganymede.
    3. The first two inter­stel­lar loca­tions vis­it­ed by human­i­ty have life, and one of them has an alien civilization.

This is a sig­nif­i­cant dif­fer­ence from our recent dis­cus­sions about the Drake equa­tion applied to the uni­verse as we know it.


Lets first look at the prob­a­bil­i­ty of life.

In the sto­ries, there is no indi­ca­tion of there being life on the Moon oth­er than the life in the domed colonies that human­i­ty put there. There is also no indi­ca­tion of life on any oth­er of Jupiter’s moons, nor any of Saturn’s.

Assum­ing we only count Io, Europa, and Cal­is­to from Jupiter, and Titan from Sat­urn, we have a total of 4 bod­ies with life and 5 bod­ies with­out. This gives a chance of a plan­et hav­ing life at 44.4%.


Next, we look at the prob­a­bil­i­ty of plan­ets hav­ing life also hav­ing intel­li­gent life.

With Venus, Earth, and Mars all hav­ing intel­li­gent life, it fol­lows that 0.75 of all life bear­ing plan­ets have life evolv­ing to intel­li­gence. If we include the oth­er two plan­ets from out­side the solar sys­tem, we find four out of five plan­ets, or 80%.


Extend­ing this to the galaxy, we move on to attempt find­ing the num­ber of civ­i­liza­tions that are present.

The ini­tial val­ue for the prob­a­bil­i­ty of a star hav­ing plan­ets at rough­ly the time these sto­ries was writ­ten is about 0.1; how­ev­er, we have the fact that at least two stars have plan­ets besides the Sun.  This can be except­ed as true since we don’t have enough evi­dence to set it at any oth­er val­ue. (Note: the author’s lat­er work intro­duced a mul­ti­tude of worlds but the all sup­port­ed life, but this real­ly did­n’t talk about all stars or all worlds with­in the solar systems).

The num­ber of plan­ets with­in such a sys­tem is an aver­age of nine, one, and one (I don’t recall see­ing addi­tion­al plan­ets men­tioned in these sys­tems).  We’ll set that aver­age to be 4.

The frac­tion­al num­ber of worlds hav­ing life is 0.44, and the frac­tion hav­ing intel­li­gent life is 0.8.

The frac­tion of those civ­i­liza­tions hav­ing the abil­i­ty for inter­stel­lar com­mu­ni­ca­tions will be assumed to be 0.5, only Earth and Mars.

This give  f*(0.1)*(4)*(0.44)*(0.8)*(0.5)*L, where f is the stel­lar for­ma­tion rate and L is the life­time of the tech­no­log­i­cal civ­i­liza­tion.  Thus the num­ber of civ­i­liza­tions in the galaxy is f*L*(0.07). Giv­en that the stars form approx­i­mate­ly 1 per year, and that we take the life­time of a civ­i­liza­tion to be a mil­lion years (using the fact that Mars was on the verge of col­lapse after a mil­lion years), we can now esti­mate that in this author’s milky way galaxy would con­tain 70 thou­sand civilizations.

For details of this cal­cu­la­tion see my arti­cle on the Drake Equation:


Mind you, it’s been a while since I read the four books men­tioned above.  For those want­i­ng to look for them­selves for some­thing I have missed, they are: Between Plan­ets, Farmer in the Sky, Uni­verse/­Com­mon-Sense, and Methuse­lah’s Chil­dren by  Robert A. Hein­lein.  Anoth­er Nov­el of his, that is in one way con­tra­dic­to­ry to the oth­ers, seems to nail the idea of the galaxy hav­ing thou­sands of civ­i­liza­tions: Have Space­suit Will Travel.

This week’s discord chat

  • Week of May 7 2023 [7th at 1 PM EDT (6 PM GMT), 10 9 PM EDT (11th 2AM GMT)] 
    • The Drake Equa­tion and a Clas­sic Sci­ence Fic­tion Universe
  • Week of Mar 14 2023 [14th at 1 PM EDT (6 PM GMT), 17th at 9 PM EDT (18th 2 AM GMT)] 
    • TBD

Currently Reading

Embers of War by Gareth L. Powell


The Space Envi­ron­ment: Impli­ca­tions for Space­craft Design — Revised and Expand­ed Edi­tion by Alan C. Tribble


Lunar Source­book: a Users Guide to the Moon edit­ed by Grant H. Heiken, David T. Van­i­man, and Bevan M. French

 

Recently Read

2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke


Destination—Death by Wilber S. Peacock


The New Fron­tiers Series, Book One: The Ship by Jack L. Knapp

 

Thunder Moon Tussle by Torn MacAlester available on Amazon.com

Thunder Moon Tussle Trailer

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

Thunder Moon Tussle: A Near Future Science Fiction Novel by Torn MacAlester

In the days of grant dri­ven sci­ence, it is nice to see the lone inde­pen­dent researcher still mak­ing a con­tri­bu­tion. Imag­ine tak­ing this far into the future while check­ing out this arti­cle from the Lunar and Plan­e­tary Institute.

This Week’s Short Fiction by Torn MacAlester

This week’s short fic­tion is the vignette Rejection.

Electrical Charges

This activ­i­ty may sug­gest mod­i­fi­ca­tion of terms in the Drake Equation:

 

A large hunk of the aster­oid that is respon­si­ble for the biggest crater in the solar sys­tem remains imbed­ded in the man­tle of the Moon.

Torn’s Science, Technology, & Science Fiction 24–30 April 2023

Short science fiction by Torn MacAlester

Featured

Redundancy

See­ing SpaceX’s pro­to­type star­ship explode after launch remind­ed me of the neces­si­ty of redun­dan­cy in launch sys­tems.  I think back 10 years when over a short time span when Orbital, SpaceX, and Roscos­mos all had anom­alies with their car­go mis­sions bound for the Inter­na­tion­al Space Sta­tion.  With­out redun­dan­cy in capa­bil­i­ty, a launch fail­ure in an oper­a­tional sys­tem would have risked the ISS being abandoned.

Now that Moon mis­sions are around the cor­ner, we are remind­ed that redun­dan­cy will be essen­tial to keep explor­ing. Right now, there are four sys­tems that usable for human space flight to the Moon, SLS, Fal­con Heavy, Long March 9, and Star­ship.  So far, none of them have han­dled crews. We’ll have to wait a while for these sys­tems to mature.


Starship Test Launch



Artemis 1 (SLS)  Launch


NASA Administrator Comments

This week’s discord chat

  • Week of Apr 30 2023 [30th April at 1 PM EDT (6 PM GMT), 3rd May at 9 PM EDT (6th 2AM GMT)] 
    • Redun­dan­cy in technology

Currently Reading

 

 

The Space Envi­ron­ment: Impli­ca­tions for Space­craft Design — Revised and Expand­ed Edi­tion by Alan C. Tribble


Lunar Source­book: a Users Guide to the Moon edit­ed by Grant H. Heiken, David T. Van­i­man, and Bevan M. French

 

Recently Read

2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke


Destination—Death by Wilber S. Peacock


The New Fron­tiers Series, Book One: The Ship by Jack L. Knapp

 

Thunder Moon Tussle by Torn MacAlester available on Amazon.com

Thunder Moon Tussle Trailer

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

Thunder Moon Tussle: A Near Future Science Fiction Novel by Torn MacAlester

In the days of grant dri­ven sci­ence, it is nice to see the lone inde­pen­dent researcher still mak­ing a con­tri­bu­tion. Imag­ine tak­ing this far into the future while check­ing out this arti­cle from the Lunar and Plan­e­tary Institute.

This Week’s Short Fiction by Torn MacAlester

This week’s short fic­tion is the short sto­ry Mor­gan’s Road:

Torn’s Science, Technology, & Science Fiction 17–23 April 2023

Short science fiction by Torn MacAlester

Featured

Fabulae Lunae:

1. Thunder Moon Tussle

Avail­able now at Amazon.com: Thun­der Moon Tus­sle (kin­dle edition)

Nils Carmike, a fall­en from grace astro­naut turned smug­gler, forges a new life on the lunar fron­tier. Harassed by the strik­ing­ly beau­ti­ful and demand­ing Deputy Miller, he is faced with fines and con­flict, result­ing in a tumul­tuous rela­tion­ship and ulti­ma­tum he can’t refuse. Run­ning for their life they strug­gle against their pasts, hop­ing to out­smart the com­mon face­less ene­my and forced to focus on the only rule that mat­ters: survive!

 

2. Mask of the Joyful Moon

Com­ing soon.

Gen (Deputy Miller) and Nils Carmike set off on a new adven­ture the after­math of their trip to the Lunar north. She strug­gles with mem­o­ries from the dif­fi­cult com­pro­mis­es  that lead her to the Moon and a clue that con­nects their sur­vival to the ancient past.  The face­less ene­my that has left two dead already casts a dead­ly shad­ow across Moon leav­ing them strug­gling to uncov­er the truth in time to save the lives around them.

 

This week’s discord chat

  • Week of Apr 23 2023 [23rd at 1 PM EDT (6 PM GMT), 26th at 9 PM EDT (27th 2 AM GMT)] 
    • Extra­so­lar Planets

Currently Reading

 

 

The Space Envi­ron­ment: Impli­ca­tions for Space­craft Design — Revised and Expand­ed Edi­tion by Alan C. Tribble


Lunar Source­book: a Users Guide to the Moon edit­ed by Grant H. Heiken, David T. Van­i­man, and Bevan M. French

 

Thunder Moon Tussle: A Near Future Science Fiction Novel by Torn MacAlester

Recently Read

2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke


Destination—Death by Wilber S. Peacock


The New Fron­tiers Series, Book One: The Ship by Jack L. Knapp

 

Thunder Moon Tussle by Torn MacAlester available on Amazon.com

Thunder Moon Tussle Trailer

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

This Week’s Short Fiction by Torn MacAlester

This week, I offer the vignette Clash of Titans

Fermi Paradox

Recent stud­ies have implied that our uni­verse is devoid of Type II and Type III civ­i­liza­tions. In this video, Anton presents at the sci­ence that lim­its the exis­tence of these civilizations.

 

Torn’s Science Fiction, Technology, & Science 2–16 April 2023

Short science fiction by Torn MacAlester

Featured

Fermi Paradox

The Great Filter

The Fer­mi Para­dox cre­ates an inter­est­ing dilem­ma from sci­ence.  What is the fil­ter that seems to be pre­vent­ing con­clu­sive evi­dence of alien civ­i­liza­tions? We have sev­er­al options:

  1. Plan­ets capa­ble of sup­port­ing life:  That might be a decep­tive descrip­tion.  What is a plan­et capa­ble of sup­port­ing life. The first indi­ca­tion is that it must have liq­uid water present.  This is cer­tain­ly nec­es­sary but it isn’t suf­fi­cient. A bet­ter cri­te­ria would be the world hav­ing suf­fi­cient­ly long time to sup­port life for life to evolve far enough to have intel­li­gent life. Such exam­ples include evo­lu­tion of mag­net­ic field, and evo­lu­tion of atmos­pher­ic chemistry.
  2. Prob­a­bil­i­ty of life becom­ing intel­li­gent life: There are some poten­tial hur­dles for this that might make this num­ber extreme­ly slow. First off, 99.9% of all species have gone extinct, giv­ing us a prob­a­bil­i­ty of a par­tic­u­lar species sur­viv­ing at 0.001.  But there may be oth­er bio­log­i­cal hur­dles to intel­li­gence that are not account­ed for in the mere sur­vival of a par­tic­u­lar species. An evo­lu­tion­ary line would need to be formed that make it past these bio­log­i­cal hur­dles, dri­ving the num­ber even low­er. Some of these hur­dles con­sist of devel­op­ment of Eucary­ot­ic cells, assem­bly of mul­ti-cel­lu­lar organ­isms, adap­ta­tion to plan­e­tary changes, and evo­lu­tion of cog­ni­tive mechanisms.
  3. Prob­a­bil­i­ty of intel­li­gent life devel­op­ing nec­es­sary tech­nolo­gies for inter­stel­lar com­mu­ni­ca­tions: This is tech­no­log­i­cal evo­lu­tion from the first tools to the under­stand­ing of radio and elec­tron­ics.  On Earth, human­i­ty has gone over these tech­no­log­i­cal hur­dles in var­i­ous places at var­i­ous times.  The devel­op­ment of tech­nolo­gies is tied to many fac­tors includ­ing: avail­abil­i­ty of mate­ri­als, cul­tur­al norms, eco­nom­ic fac­tors,  per­ceived need, and envi­ron­men­tal limitations.
  4. Life­time of a civ­i­liza­tion: There might be poi­son pill tech­nolo­gies that end a civ­i­liza­tion. In the past, we’ve seen civ­i­liza­tions come and go. His­to­ri­ans have pos­tu­lat­ed mul­ti­ple caus­es for the col­laps­es. In fact, some pos­tu­late that cer­tain col­laps­es set back human­i­ty’s tech­no­log­i­cal progress by a cou­ple hun­dred years or more. Human­i­ty hap­pened to devel­op the hydro­gen bomb about the same  time as they devel­oped the means of inter­stel­lar com­mu­ni­ca­tions. The dri­ving ques­tion has been: will we sur­vive long enough to make con­tact? In the video below John Michael Godi­er dis­cuss­es the Vul­ner­a­ble World Hypothesis.

This week’s discord chat

  • Week of Apr 16 2023 [16th at 1 PM EDT (6 PM GMT), 19th at 9 PM EDT (20th 2 AM GMT)] 
    • The Fer­mi Paradox

Currently Reading

 

 

The Space Envi­ron­ment: Impli­ca­tions for Space­craft Design — Revised and Expand­ed Edi­tion by Alan C. Tribble


Lunar Source­book: a Users Guide to the Moon edit­ed by Grant H. Heiken, David T. Van­i­man, and Bevan M. French

 

Recently Read

2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke


Destination—Death by Wilber S. Peacock


The New Fron­tiers Series, Book One: The Ship by Jack L. Knapp

 

Thunder Moon Tussle by Torn MacAlester available on Amazon.com

Thunder Moon Tussle Trailer

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

This Week’s Short Fiction by Torn MacAlester

This week, I offer the vignette Com­man­der.

 

Torn’s Science Fiction, Technology, and Science Fiction 26 March — 1 April 2023

Short science fiction by Torn MacAlester

Featured

Panspermia

Some­thing inter­est­ing occurred in the late 1960’s as part of the Apol­lo pro­gram.  The uncrewed probe Sur­vey­or 3 was land­ed in the Ocean of storms in 1967. Part of the Apol­lo 12 mis­sion, the sec­ond crewed land­ing in 1969, was to retrieve engi­neer­ing sam­ples from Sur­vey­or 3. That mis­sion was a suc­cess, but that is only the begin­ning of the story.

For two years, Sur­vey­or had unin­tend­ed pas­sen­gers wait­ing on the sur­face of the Moon for 31 months. They were bac­te­ria spores that man­aged to sur­vive in the vac­u­um of space.  The very fact of their sur­vival begs the ques­tion: Are their nat­ur­al process­es that can move life from one plan­et to anoth­er over inter­plan­e­tary dis­tances? And if that is pos­si­ble: Is it pos­si­ble for those same process­es to move life inter­stel­lar distances?

Recent­ly, an addi­tion­al piece to the pansper­mia sto­ry was added.  An object passed through the solar sys­tem. The tra­jec­to­ry of the object con­firmed that it was inter­stel­lar in ori­gin.  It is called Oumua­mua. Mod­els have sug­gest­ed that there might be 10 mil­lion such objects near­by the sun (see Our Solar Sys­tem… from inverse).  With that many objects we like­ly have sam­ples from 10 mil­lion stars from around the Milky Way. Sim­i­lar­ly, we could have sent sam­ples to around the same num­ber of stars.

Tak­ing a page from the Drake Equa­tion, we can look at a prob­a­bil­i­ty of obtain­ing a sam­ple of life from anoth­er life bear­ing plan­et.  Num­ber of objects \inline N_o, times the prob­a­bil­i­ty of plan­ets per sys­tem \inline f_p, times the num­ber of plan­ets per sys­tem \inline n_p, times the prob­a­bil­i­ty of a plan­et hav­ing life \inline f_l, times the prob­a­bil­i­ty the sam­ple sur­vived the jour­ney \inline f_s should give us the num­ber of live sam­ples that could be with­in reach: \inline N_s=N_o f_p n_p f_l f_s.

 

 

This week’s discord chat

  • Week of Apr 2 2023 [2nd at 1 PM EDT (6 PM GMT), 5th at 9 PM EDT (6th 2AM GMT)] 
    • Pansper­mia

Currently Reading

 

 

The Space Envi­ron­ment: Impli­ca­tions for Space­craft Design — Revised and Expand­ed Edi­tion by Alan C. Tribble


Lunar Source­book: a Users Guide to the Moon edit­ed by Grant H. Heiken, David T. Van­i­man, and Bevan M. French

 

Recently Read

2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur C. Clarke


Destination—Death by Wilber S. Peacock


The New Fron­tiers Series, Book One: The Ship by Jack L. Knapp

 

Thunder Moon Tussle by Torn MacAlester available on Amazon.com

Thunder Moon Tussle Trailer

A new novel by Torn MacAlester

The long awaited sequel to Thunder Moon Tussle:

Mask of the Joyful Moon

Coming Soon

This Week’s Short Fiction by Torn MacAlester

This week, I offer the vignette Y+1